Mary Armitage

Information Panels about the Asia in Lawrence Exhibit in 1996 Lawrence, Massachusetts. For Individual images search 1996.300
On the first panel is personnel information. It lists: “Curator Janet H. Howell, Oral History Mary Armitage and Joan Kelly, Photographer Loel A. Poor, and Designer Joseph Blackburn.” Then a Thank you section dedicated to “Southeast Asian Community, Lawrence Sister Helen, St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Asian Center, Forest Foundation, Lawrence Cultural Council, Heritage State Park, Gerry Kirk, Catherine Monahan, Chris Cheltowski, Eileen Mele, Ken Skulski, Helen Sapuppo, Marie Leone, and Bob Hamel.”

On the Second panel there is an immigration history informative, it reads,
“1. The colonial period, during which neither Great Britain nor the American Colonies had effective control of immigration and the overwhelming number of all immigrants came from the British Isles and were Protestant.
2. The Era of the American Revolution and beyond (1775-1820), when war, both here and in Europe, inhibited immigration.
3. The era of the "old" immigration (1820- ca. 1880), in which most immigrants came from the British Isles, Germany, and Scandinavia and were primarily Protestant Christians (large numbers of Irish and Germans were Roman Catholics.) The era of the "new" immigration (ca. 1880-1924), when most immigrants came from central, southern, and eastern Europe and were largely Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox, and Jewish.
5. The era of the national origin quota system (1924-65), in which rigorous regulation reduced the volume of immigration greatly, and, most immigrants were from the countries of the “old” immigration or the quota free new world.
6. The era of liberalized restrictions (1965 to the present), in which most immigrants have come from Asia and Latin America, or, what is often called the “Third World.”
The third panel is informative and is titled “The Two Waves of Southeast Asian Refugees,” it reads,
“Two waves of refugees are generally identifies. Many in the first wave were military personnel, civil servants, teachers, farmers, fisherman, employees of the Americans, and Catholics. They recognized that their middle and upper- class lifestyles would not be compatible with a communist regime; they feared reprisals and personal harms, so escape was a necessity.”
“The second wave consisted of refugees who arrived in the United States after 1975. Poor agricultural harvest, the economic drain of continues fighting in Laos and Cambodia, loss of jobs, and generally poor economic conditions contributed to the push. Many also feared being sent to “reeducation” centers and work camps and being forcibly removed away from their urban environment.”
“In the first wave, 49 percent were under 36 years if age; in the second wave, 58 percent. Family size was four in the first group and four to five in the second. 41 percent were catholic and 40 percent were Buddhist in the first wave’ 29 percent were Catholic and 47 percent Buddhist in the second, although the latter also included members of the intelligentsia who had been unable to leave earlier.
“Prior to the 1970, there were approximately 20,000 Vietnamese in the United States, and the number of Cambodians and Laotians were too small to be counted. BY 1980, there were 415,235 Indochinese, of which 78 percent were Vietnamese, 16 percent Cambodians, and 6 percent Laotians. In 1990, these figured had risen to 614,547 Vietnamese, 149,014 Laotian, and 147,411 Cambodians, and 90,082 Hmong.”
Panel four has Information about Buddhism in Lawrence:
“The arrival of the Southeast Asians introduced to the community the philosophy of Buddha. There are eight basic tenets that are central to practicing this philosophy.
Right View means to believe in the law of cause and effect and not to be deceived by appearances.
Right Thought means the resolution not to cherish desires, not to be greedy, not to be angry, and not to do any harmful deed.
Right Speech means the avoidance of lying words, idle words, abusive words and double tongues.
Right Behavior means not to destroy any life, not to steal, or not to commit adultery.
Right Livelihood means to avoid any life that would bring shame.
Right Effort means to try to do one’s best diligently toward the right direction.
Right Mindfulness means to maintain a pure and thoughtful mind.
Right Concentration means to keep the mind right and tranquil for it concentration, seeking to realize the mind’s pure essence.”

The Fifth panels is about the Exhibits photographer, Loel A. Poor:
“Loel A. Poor
Photographer and Printer
The photographs in this exhibit were taken and printed by Loel A. Poor, photographic artist. Ms. Poor graduated from Lasell College where she majored in advertising. She soon developed her artistry for photography and now has an extensive portfolio.
In addition to the ASIA IN LAWRENCE exhibit, she has shown her work in many places. Most current is her photographic exhibit, AIDS, THE CHALLENGE TO EDUCATE. This collection of images has received critical acclaim and has been widely exhibited throughout New England and the Mid-Atlantic States. This work was selected by the Human Rights Campaign Fund for an exhibit in Washington D.C. at President Clinton’s inauguration events."

Information Panels about the Asia in Lawrence Exhibit in 1996 Lawrence, Massachusetts. For Individual images search 1996.300
On the first panel is personnel information. It lists: “Curator Janet H. Howell, Oral History Mary Armitage and Joan Kelly, Photographer Loel A. Poor, and Designer Joseph Blackburn.” Then a Thank you section dedicated to “Southeast Asian Community, Lawrence Sister Helen, St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Asian Center, Forest Foundation, Lawrence Cultural Council, Heritage State Park, Gerry Kirk, Catherine Monahan, Chris Cheltowski, Eileen Mele, Ken Skulski, Helen Sapuppo, Marie Leone, and Bob Hamel.”

On the Second panel there is an immigration history informative, it reads,
“1. The colonial period, during which neither Great Britain nor the American Colonies had effective control of immigration and the overwhelming number of all immigrants came from the British Isles and were Protestant.
2. The Era of the American Revolution and beyond (1775-1820), when war, both here and in Europe, inhibited immigration.
3. The era of the "old" immigration (1820- ca. 1880), in which most immigrants came from the British Isles, Germany, and Scandinavia and were primarily Protestant Christians (large numbers of Irish and Germans were Roman Catholics.) The era of the "new" immigration (ca. 1880-1924), when most immigrants came from central, southern, and eastern Europe and were largely Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox, and Jewish.
5. The era of the national origin quota system (1924-65), in which rigorous regulation reduced the volume of immigration greatly, and, most immigrants were from the countries of the “old” immigration or the quota free new world.
6. The era of liberalized restrictions (1965 to the present), in which most immigrants have come from Asia and Latin America, or, what is often called the “Third World.”
The third panel is informative and is titled “The Two Waves of Southeast Asian Refugees,” it reads,
“Two waves of refugees are generally identifies. Many in the first wave were military personnel, civil servants, teachers, farmers, fisherman, employees of the Americans, and Catholics. They recognized that their middle and upper- class lifestyles would not be compatible with a communist regime; they feared reprisals and personal harms, so escape was a necessity.”
“The second wave consisted of refugees who arrived in the United States after 1975. Poor agricultural harvest, the economic drain of continues fighting in Laos and Cambodia, loss of jobs, and generally poor economic conditions contributed to the push. Many also feared being sent to “reeducation” centers and work camps and being forcibly removed away from their urban environment.”
“In the first wave, 49 percent were under 36 years if age; in the second wave, 58 percent. Family size was four in the first group and four to five in the second. 41 percent were catholic and 40 percent were Buddhist in the first wave’ 29 percent were Catholic and 47 percent Buddhist in the second, although the latter also included members of the intelligentsia who had been unable to leave earlier.
“Prior to the 1970, there were approximately 20,000 Vietnamese in the United States, and the number of Cambodians and Laotians were too small to be counted. BY 1980, there were 415,235 Indochinese, of which 78 percent were Vietnamese, 16 percent Cambodians, and 6 percent Laotians. In 1990, these figured had risen to 614,547 Vietnamese, 149,014 Laotian, and 147,411 Cambodians, and 90,082 Hmong.”
Panel four has Information about Buddhism in Lawrence:
“The arrival of the Southeast Asians introduced to the community the philosophy of Buddha. There are eight basic tenets that are central to practicing this philosophy.
Right View means to believe in the law of cause and effect and not to be deceived by appearances.
Right Thought means the resolution not to cherish desires, not to be greedy, not to be angry, and not to do any harmful deed.
Right Speech means the avoidance of lying words, idle words, abusive words and double tongues.
Right Behavior means not to destroy any life, not to steal, or not to commit adultery.
Right Livelihood means to avoid any life that would bring shame.
Right Effort means to try to do one’s best diligently toward the right direction.
Right Mindfulness means to maintain a pure and thoughtful mind.
Right Concentration means to keep the mind right and tranquil for it concentration, seeking to realize the mind’s pure essence.”

The Fifth panels is about the Exhibits photographer, Loel A. Poor:
“Loel A. Poor
Photographer and Printer
The photographs in this exhibit were taken and printed by Loel A. Poor, photographic artist. Ms. Poor graduated from Lasell College where she majored in advertising. She soon developed her artistry for photography and now has an extensive portfolio.
In addition to the ASIA IN LAWRENCE exhibit, she has shown her work in many places. Most current is her photographic exhibit, AIDS, THE CHALLENGE TO EDUCATE. This collection of images has received critical acclaim and has been widely exhibited throughout New England and the Mid-Atlantic States. This work was selected by the Human Rights Campaign Fund for an exhibit in Washington D.C. at President Clinton’s inauguration events."

Information Panels about the Asia in Lawrence Exhibit in 1996 Lawrence, Massachusetts. For Individual images search 1996.300
On the first panel is personnel information. It lists: “Curator Janet H. Howell, Oral History Mary Armitage and Joan Kelly, Photographer Loel A. Poor, and Designer Joseph Blackburn.” Then a Thank you section dedicated to “Southeast Asian Community, Lawrence Sister Helen, St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Asian Center, Forest Foundation, Lawrence Cultural Council, Heritage State Park, Gerry Kirk, Catherine Monahan, Chris Cheltowski, Eileen Mele, Ken Skulski, Helen Sapuppo, Marie Leone, and Bob Hamel.”

On the Second panel there is an immigration history informative, it reads,
“1. The colonial period, during which neither Great Britain nor the American Colonies had effective control of immigration and the overwhelming number of all immigrants came from the British Isles and were Protestant.
2. The Era of the American Revolution and beyond (1775-1820), when war, both here and in Europe, inhibited immigration.
3. The era of the "old" immigration (1820- ca. 1880), in which most immigrants came from the British Isles, Germany, and Scandinavia and were primarily Protestant Christians (large numbers of Irish and Germans were Roman Catholics.) The era of the "new" immigration (ca. 1880-1924), when most immigrants came from central, southern, and eastern Europe and were largely Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox, and Jewish.
5. The era of the national origin quota system (1924-65), in which rigorous regulation reduced the volume of immigration greatly, and, most immigrants were from the countries of the “old” immigration or the quota free new world.
6. The era of liberalized restrictions (1965 to the present), in which most immigrants have come from Asia and Latin America, or, what is often called the “Third World.”
The third panel is informative and is titled “The Two Waves of Southeast Asian Refugees,” it reads,
“Two waves of refugees are generally identifies. Many in the first wave were military personnel, civil servants, teachers, farmers, fisherman, employees of the Americans, and Catholics. They recognized that their middle and upper- class lifestyles would not be compatible with a communist regime; they feared reprisals and personal harms, so escape was a necessity.”
“The second wave consisted of refugees who arrived in the United States after 1975. Poor agricultural harvest, the economic drain of continues fighting in Laos and Cambodia, loss of jobs, and generally poor economic conditions contributed to the push. Many also feared being sent to “reeducation” centers and work camps and being forcibly removed away from their urban environment.”
“In the first wave, 49 percent were under 36 years if age; in the second wave, 58 percent. Family size was four in the first group and four to five in the second. 41 percent were catholic and 40 percent were Buddhist in the first wave’ 29 percent were Catholic and 47 percent Buddhist in the second, although the latter also included members of the intelligentsia who had been unable to leave earlier.
“Prior to the 1970, there were approximately 20,000 Vietnamese in the United States, and the number of Cambodians and Laotians were too small to be counted. BY 1980, there were 415,235 Indochinese, of which 78 percent were Vietnamese, 16 percent Cambodians, and 6 percent Laotians. In 1990, these figured had risen to 614,547 Vietnamese, 149,014 Laotian, and 147,411 Cambodians, and 90,082 Hmong.”
Panel four has Information about Buddhism in Lawrence:
“The arrival of the Southeast Asians introduced to the community the philosophy of Buddha. There are eight basic tenets that are central to practicing this philosophy.
Right View means to believe in the law of cause and effect and not to be deceived by appearances.
Right Thought means the resolution not to cherish desires, not to be greedy, not to be angry, and not to do any harmful deed.
Right Speech means the avoidance of lying words, idle words, abusive words and double tongues.
Right Behavior means not to destroy any life, not to steal, or not to commit adultery.
Right Livelihood means to avoid any life that would bring shame.
Right Effort means to try to do one’s best diligently toward the right direction.
Right Mindfulness means to maintain a pure and thoughtful mind.
Right Concentration means to keep the mind right and tranquil for it concentration, seeking to realize the mind’s pure essence.”

The Fifth panels is about the Exhibits photographer, Loel A. Poor:
“Loel A. Poor
Photographer and Printer
The photographs in this exhibit were taken and printed by Loel A. Poor, photographic artist. Ms. Poor graduated from Lasell College where she majored in advertising. She soon developed her artistry for photography and now has an extensive portfolio.
In addition to the ASIA IN LAWRENCE exhibit, she has shown her work in many places. Most current is her photographic exhibit, AIDS, THE CHALLENGE TO EDUCATE. This collection of images has received critical acclaim and has been widely exhibited throughout New England and the Mid-Atlantic States. This work was selected by the Human Rights Campaign Fund for an exhibit in Washington D.C. at President Clinton’s inauguration events."

Information Panels about the Asia in Lawrence Exhibit in 1996 Lawrence, Massachusetts. For Individual images search 1996.300
On the first panel is personnel information. It lists: “Curator Janet H. Howell, Oral History Mary Armitage and Joan Kelly, Photographer Loel A. Poor, and Designer Joseph Blackburn.” Then a Thank you section dedicated to “Southeast Asian Community, Lawrence Sister Helen, St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Asian Center, Forest Foundation, Lawrence Cultural Council, Heritage State Park, Gerry Kirk, Catherine Monahan, Chris Cheltowski, Eileen Mele, Ken Skulski, Helen Sapuppo, Marie Leone, and Bob Hamel.”

On the Second panel there is an immigration history informative, it reads,
“1. The colonial period, during which neither Great Britain nor the American Colonies had effective control of immigration and the overwhelming number of all immigrants came from the British Isles and were Protestant.
2. The Era of the American Revolution and beyond (1775-1820), when war, both here and in Europe, inhibited immigration.
3. The era of the "old" immigration (1820- ca. 1880), in which most immigrants came from the British Isles, Germany, and Scandinavia and were primarily Protestant Christians (large numbers of Irish and Germans were Roman Catholics.) The era of the "new" immigration (ca. 1880-1924), when most immigrants came from central, southern, and eastern Europe and were largely Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox, and Jewish.
5. The era of the national origin quota system (1924-65), in which rigorous regulation reduced the volume of immigration greatly, and, most immigrants were from the countries of the “old” immigration or the quota free new world.
6. The era of liberalized restrictions (1965 to the present), in which most immigrants have come from Asia and Latin America, or, what is often called the “Third World.”
The third panel is informative and is titled “The Two Waves of Southeast Asian Refugees,” it reads,
“Two waves of refugees are generally identifies. Many in the first wave were military personnel, civil servants, teachers, farmers, fisherman, employees of the Americans, and Catholics. They recognized that their middle and upper- class lifestyles would not be compatible with a communist regime; they feared reprisals and personal harms, so escape was a necessity.”
“The second wave consisted of refugees who arrived in the United States after 1975. Poor agricultural harvest, the economic drain of continues fighting in Laos and Cambodia, loss of jobs, and generally poor economic conditions contributed to the push. Many also feared being sent to “reeducation” centers and work camps and being forcibly removed away from their urban environment.”
“In the first wave, 49 percent were under 36 years if age; in the second wave, 58 percent. Family size was four in the first group and four to five in the second. 41 percent were catholic and 40 percent were Buddhist in the first wave’ 29 percent were Catholic and 47 percent Buddhist in the second, although the latter also included members of the intelligentsia who had been unable to leave earlier.
“Prior to the 1970, there were approximately 20,000 Vietnamese in the United States, and the number of Cambodians and Laotians were too small to be counted. BY 1980, there were 415,235 Indochinese, of which 78 percent were Vietnamese, 16 percent Cambodians, and 6 percent Laotians. In 1990, these figured had risen to 614,547 Vietnamese, 149,014 Laotian, and 147,411 Cambodians, and 90,082 Hmong.”
Panel four has Information about Buddhism in Lawrence:
“The arrival of the Southeast Asians introduced to the community the philosophy of Buddha. There are eight basic tenets that are central to practicing this philosophy.
Right View means to believe in the law of cause and effect and not to be deceived by appearances.
Right Thought means the resolution not to cherish desires, not to be greedy, not to be angry, and not to do any harmful deed.
Right Speech means the avoidance of lying words, idle words, abusive words and double tongues.
Right Behavior means not to destroy any life, not to steal, or not to commit adultery.
Right Livelihood means to avoid any life that would bring shame.
Right Effort means to try to do one’s best diligently toward the right direction.
Right Mindfulness means to maintain a pure and thoughtful mind.
Right Concentration means to keep the mind right and tranquil for it concentration, seeking to realize the mind’s pure essence.”

The Fifth panels is about the Exhibits photographer, Loel A. Poor:
“Loel A. Poor
Photographer and Printer
The photographs in this exhibit were taken and printed by Loel A. Poor, photographic artist. Ms. Poor graduated from Lasell College where she majored in advertising. She soon developed her artistry for photography and now has an extensive portfolio.
In addition to the ASIA IN LAWRENCE exhibit, she has shown her work in many places. Most current is her photographic exhibit, AIDS, THE CHALLENGE TO EDUCATE. This collection of images has received critical acclaim and has been widely exhibited throughout New England and the Mid-Atlantic States. This work was selected by the Human Rights Campaign Fund for an exhibit in Washington D.C. at President Clinton’s inauguration events."

Information Panels about the Asia in Lawrence Exhibit in 1996 Lawrence, Massachusetts. For Individual images search 1996.300
On the first panel is personnel information. It lists: “Curator Janet H. Howell, Oral History Mary Armitage and Joan Kelly, Photographer Loel A. Poor, and Designer Joseph Blackburn.” Then a Thank you section dedicated to “Southeast Asian Community, Lawrence Sister Helen, St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Asian Center, Forest Foundation, Lawrence Cultural Council, Heritage State Park, Gerry Kirk, Catherine Monahan, Chris Cheltowski, Eileen Mele, Ken Skulski, Helen Sapuppo, Marie Leone, and Bob Hamel.”

On the Second panel there is an immigration history informative, it reads,
“1. The colonial period, during which neither Great Britain nor the American Colonies had effective control of immigration and the overwhelming number of all immigrants came from the British Isles and were Protestant.
2. The Era of the American Revolution and beyond (1775-1820), when war, both here and in Europe, inhibited immigration.
3. The era of the "old" immigration (1820- ca. 1880), in which most immigrants came from the British Isles, Germany, and Scandinavia and were primarily Protestant Christians (large numbers of Irish and Germans were Roman Catholics.) The era of the "new" immigration (ca. 1880-1924), when most immigrants came from central, southern, and eastern Europe and were largely Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox, and Jewish.
5. The era of the national origin quota system (1924-65), in which rigorous regulation reduced the volume of immigration greatly, and, most immigrants were from the countries of the “old” immigration or the quota free new world.
6. The era of liberalized restrictions (1965 to the present), in which most immigrants have come from Asia and Latin America, or, what is often called the “Third World.”
The third panel is informative and is titled “The Two Waves of Southeast Asian Refugees,” it reads,
“Two waves of refugees are generally identifies. Many in the first wave were military personnel, civil servants, teachers, farmers, fisherman, employees of the Americans, and Catholics. They recognized that their middle and upper- class lifestyles would not be compatible with a communist regime; they feared reprisals and personal harms, so escape was a necessity.”
“The second wave consisted of refugees who arrived in the United States after 1975. Poor agricultural harvest, the economic drain of continues fighting in Laos and Cambodia, loss of jobs, and generally poor economic conditions contributed to the push. Many also feared being sent to “reeducation” centers and work camps and being forcibly removed away from their urban environment.”
“In the first wave, 49 percent were under 36 years if age; in the second wave, 58 percent. Family size was four in the first group and four to five in the second. 41 percent were catholic and 40 percent were Buddhist in the first wave’ 29 percent were Catholic and 47 percent Buddhist in the second, although the latter also included members of the intelligentsia who had been unable to leave earlier.
“Prior to the 1970, there were approximately 20,000 Vietnamese in the United States, and the number of Cambodians and Laotians were too small to be counted. BY 1980, there were 415,235 Indochinese, of which 78 percent were Vietnamese, 16 percent Cambodians, and 6 percent Laotians. In 1990, these figured had risen to 614,547 Vietnamese, 149,014 Laotian, and 147,411 Cambodians, and 90,082 Hmong.”
Panel four has Information about Buddhism in Lawrence:
“The arrival of the Southeast Asians introduced to the community the philosophy of Buddha. There are eight basic tenets that are central to practicing this philosophy.
Right View means to believe in the law of cause and effect and not to be deceived by appearances.
Right Thought means the resolution not to cherish desires, not to be greedy, not to be angry, and not to do any harmful deed.
Right Speech means the avoidance of lying words, idle words, abusive words and double tongues.
Right Behavior means not to destroy any life, not to steal, or not to commit adultery.
Right Livelihood means to avoid any life that would bring shame.
Right Effort means to try to do one’s best diligently toward the right direction.
Right Mindfulness means to maintain a pure and thoughtful mind.
Right Concentration means to keep the mind right and tranquil for it concentration, seeking to realize the mind’s pure essence.”

The Fifth panels is about the Exhibits photographer, Loel A. Poor:
“Loel A. Poor
Photographer and Printer
The photographs in this exhibit were taken and printed by Loel A. Poor, photographic artist. Ms. Poor graduated from Lasell College where she majored in advertising. She soon developed her artistry for photography and now has an extensive portfolio.
In addition to the ASIA IN LAWRENCE exhibit, she has shown her work in many places. Most current is her photographic exhibit, AIDS, THE CHALLENGE TO EDUCATE. This collection of images has received critical acclaim and has been widely exhibited throughout New England and the Mid-Atlantic States. This work was selected by the Human Rights Campaign Fund for an exhibit in Washington D.C. at President Clinton’s inauguration events."

Information Panels about the Asia in Lawrence Exhibit in 1996 Lawrence, Massachusetts. For Individual images search 1996.300
On the first panel is personnel information. It lists: “Curator Janet H. Howell, Oral History Mary Armitage and Joan Kelly, Photographer Loel A. Poor, and Designer Joseph Blackburn.” Then a Thank you section dedicated to “Southeast Asian Community, Lawrence Sister Helen, St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Asian Center, Forest Foundation, Lawrence Cultural Council, Heritage State Park, Gerry Kirk, Catherine Monahan, Chris Cheltowski, Eileen Mele, Ken Skulski, Helen Sapuppo, Marie Leone, and Bob Hamel.”

On the Second panel there is an immigration history informative, it reads,
“1. The colonial period, during which neither Great Britain nor the American Colonies had effective control of immigration and the overwhelming number of all immigrants came from the British Isles and were Protestant.
2. The Era of the American Revolution and beyond (1775-1820), when war, both here and in Europe, inhibited immigration.
3. The era of the "old" immigration (1820- ca. 1880), in which most immigrants came from the British Isles, Germany, and Scandinavia and were primarily Protestant Christians (large numbers of Irish and Germans were Roman Catholics.) The era of the "new" immigration (ca. 1880-1924), when most immigrants came from central, southern, and eastern Europe and were largely Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox, and Jewish.
5. The era of the national origin quota system (1924-65), in which rigorous regulation reduced the volume of immigration greatly, and, most immigrants were from the countries of the “old” immigration or the quota free new world.
6. The era of liberalized restrictions (1965 to the present), in which most immigrants have come from Asia and Latin America, or, what is often called the “Third World.”
The third panel is informative and is titled “The Two Waves of Southeast Asian Refugees,” it reads,
“Two waves of refugees are generally identifies. Many in the first wave were military personnel, civil servants, teachers, farmers, fisherman, employees of the Americans, and Catholics. They recognized that their middle and upper- class lifestyles would not be compatible with a communist regime; they feared reprisals and personal harms, so escape was a necessity.”
“The second wave consisted of refugees who arrived in the United States after 1975. Poor agricultural harvest, the economic drain of continues fighting in Laos and Cambodia, loss of jobs, and generally poor economic conditions contributed to the push. Many also feared being sent to “reeducation” centers and work camps and being forcibly removed away from their urban environment.”
“In the first wave, 49 percent were under 36 years if age; in the second wave, 58 percent. Family size was four in the first group and four to five in the second. 41 percent were catholic and 40 percent were Buddhist in the first wave’ 29 percent were Catholic and 47 percent Buddhist in the second, although the latter also included members of the intelligentsia who had been unable to leave earlier.
“Prior to the 1970, there were approximately 20,000 Vietnamese in the United States, and the number of Cambodians and Laotians were too small to be counted. BY 1980, there were 415,235 Indochinese, of which 78 percent were Vietnamese, 16 percent Cambodians, and 6 percent Laotians. In 1990, these figured had risen to 614,547 Vietnamese, 149,014 Laotian, and 147,411 Cambodians, and 90,082 Hmong.”
Panel four has Information about Buddhism in Lawrence:
“The arrival of the Southeast Asians introduced to the community the philosophy of Buddha. There are eight basic tenets that are central to practicing this philosophy.
Right View means to believe in the law of cause and effect and not to be deceived by appearances.
Right Thought means the resolution not to cherish desires, not to be greedy, not to be angry, and not to do any harmful deed.
Right Speech means the avoidance of lying words, idle words, abusive words and double tongues.
Right Behavior means not to destroy any life, not to steal, or not to commit adultery.
Right Livelihood means to avoid any life that would bring shame.
Right Effort means to try to do one’s best diligently toward the right direction.
Right Mindfulness means to maintain a pure and thoughtful mind.
Right Concentration means to keep the mind right and tranquil for it concentration, seeking to realize the mind’s pure essence.”

The Fifth panels is about the Exhibits photographer, Loel A. Poor:
“Loel A. Poor
Photographer and Printer
The photographs in this exhibit were taken and printed by Loel A. Poor, photographic artist. Ms. Poor graduated from Lasell College where she majored in advertising. She soon developed her artistry for photography and now has an extensive portfolio.
In addition to the ASIA IN LAWRENCE exhibit, she has shown her work in many places. Most current is her photographic exhibit, AIDS, THE CHALLENGE TO EDUCATE. This collection of images has received critical acclaim and has been widely exhibited throughout New England and the Mid-Atlantic States. This work was selected by the Human Rights Campaign Fund for an exhibit in Washington D.C. at President Clinton’s inauguration events."

Information Panels about the Asia in Lawrence Exhibit in 1996 Lawrence, Massachusetts. For Individual images search 1996.300
On the first panel is personnel information. It lists: “Curator Janet H. Howell, Oral History Mary Armitage and Joan Kelly, Photographer Loel A. Poor, and Designer Joseph Blackburn.” Then a Thank you section dedicated to “Southeast Asian Community, Lawrence Sister Helen, St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Asian Center, Forest Foundation, Lawrence Cultural Council, Heritage State Park, Gerry Kirk, Catherine Monahan, Chris Cheltowski, Eileen Mele, Ken Skulski, Helen Sapuppo, Marie Leone, and Bob Hamel.”

On the Second panel there is an immigration history informative, it reads,
“1. The colonial period, during which neither Great Britain nor the American Colonies had effective control of immigration and the overwhelming number of all immigrants came from the British Isles and were Protestant.
2. The Era of the American Revolution and beyond (1775-1820), when war, both here and in Europe, inhibited immigration.
3. The era of the "old" immigration (1820- ca. 1880), in which most immigrants came from the British Isles, Germany, and Scandinavia and were primarily Protestant Christians (large numbers of Irish and Germans were Roman Catholics.) The era of the "new" immigration (ca. 1880-1924), when most immigrants came from central, southern, and eastern Europe and were largely Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox, and Jewish.
5. The era of the national origin quota system (1924-65), in which rigorous regulation reduced the volume of immigration greatly, and, most immigrants were from the countries of the “old” immigration or the quota free new world.
6. The era of liberalized restrictions (1965 to the present), in which most immigrants have come from Asia and Latin America, or, what is often called the “Third World.”
The third panel is informative and is titled “The Two Waves of Southeast Asian Refugees,” it reads,
“Two waves of refugees are generally identifies. Many in the first wave were military personnel, civil servants, teachers, farmers, fisherman, employees of the Americans, and Catholics. They recognized that their middle and upper- class lifestyles would not be compatible with a communist regime; they feared reprisals and personal harms, so escape was a necessity.”
“The second wave consisted of refugees who arrived in the United States after 1975. Poor agricultural harvest, the economic drain of continues fighting in Laos and Cambodia, loss of jobs, and generally poor economic conditions contributed to the push. Many also feared being sent to “reeducation” centers and work camps and being forcibly removed away from their urban environment.”
“In the first wave, 49 percent were under 36 years if age; in the second wave, 58 percent. Family size was four in the first group and four to five in the second. 41 percent were catholic and 40 percent were Buddhist in the first wave’ 29 percent were Catholic and 47 percent Buddhist in the second, although the latter also included members of the intelligentsia who had been unable to leave earlier.
“Prior to the 1970, there were approximately 20,000 Vietnamese in the United States, and the number of Cambodians and Laotians were too small to be counted. BY 1980, there were 415,235 Indochinese, of which 78 percent were Vietnamese, 16 percent Cambodians, and 6 percent Laotians. In 1990, these figured had risen to 614,547 Vietnamese, 149,014 Laotian, and 147,411 Cambodians, and 90,082 Hmong.”
Panel four has Information about Buddhism in Lawrence:
“The arrival of the Southeast Asians introduced to the community the philosophy of Buddha. There are eight basic tenets that are central to practicing this philosophy.
Right View means to believe in the law of cause and effect and not to be deceived by appearances.
Right Thought means the resolution not to cherish desires, not to be greedy, not to be angry, and not to do any harmful deed.
Right Speech means the avoidance of lying words, idle words, abusive words and double tongues.
Right Behavior means not to destroy any life, not to steal, or not to commit adultery.
Right Livelihood means to avoid any life that would bring shame.
Right Effort means to try to do one’s best diligently toward the right direction.
Right Mindfulness means to maintain a pure and thoughtful mind.
Right Concentration means to keep the mind right and tranquil for it concentration, seeking to realize the mind’s pure essence.”

The Fifth panels is about the Exhibits photographer, Loel A. Poor:
“Loel A. Poor
Photographer and Printer
The photographs in this exhibit were taken and printed by Loel A. Poor, photographic artist. Ms. Poor graduated from Lasell College where she majored in advertising. She soon developed her artistry for photography and now has an extensive portfolio.
In addition to the ASIA IN LAWRENCE exhibit, she has shown her work in many places. Most current is her photographic exhibit, AIDS, THE CHALLENGE TO EDUCATE. This collection of images has received critical acclaim and has been widely exhibited throughout New England and the Mid-Atlantic States. This work was selected by the Human Rights Campaign Fund for an exhibit in Washington D.C. at President Clinton’s inauguration events."

Information Panels about the Asia in Lawrence Exhibit in 1996 Lawrence, Massachusetts. For Individual images search 1996.300
On the first panel is personnel information. It lists: “Curator Janet H. Howell, Oral History Mary Armitage and Joan Kelly, Photographer Loel A. Poor, and Designer Joseph Blackburn.” Then a Thank you section dedicated to “Southeast Asian Community, Lawrence Sister Helen, St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Asian Center, Forest Foundation, Lawrence Cultural Council, Heritage State Park, Gerry Kirk, Catherine Monahan, Chris Cheltowski, Eileen Mele, Ken Skulski, Helen Sapuppo, Marie Leone, and Bob Hamel.”

On the Second panel there is an immigration history informative, it reads,
“1. The colonial period, during which neither Great Britain nor the American Colonies had effective control of immigration and the overwhelming number of all immigrants came from the British Isles and were Protestant.
2. The Era of the American Revolution and beyond (1775-1820), when war, both here and in Europe, inhibited immigration.
3. The era of the "old" immigration (1820- ca. 1880), in which most immigrants came from the British Isles, Germany, and Scandinavia and were primarily Protestant Christians (large numbers of Irish and Germans were Roman Catholics.) The era of the "new" immigration (ca. 1880-1924), when most immigrants came from central, southern, and eastern Europe and were largely Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox, and Jewish.
5. The era of the national origin quota system (1924-65), in which rigorous regulation reduced the volume of immigration greatly, and, most immigrants were from the countries of the “old” immigration or the quota free new world.
6. The era of liberalized restrictions (1965 to the present), in which most immigrants have come from Asia and Latin America, or, what is often called the “Third World.”
The third panel is informative and is titled “The Two Waves of Southeast Asian Refugees,” it reads,
“Two waves of refugees are generally identifies. Many in the first wave were military personnel, civil servants, teachers, farmers, fisherman, employees of the Americans, and Catholics. They recognized that their middle and upper- class lifestyles would not be compatible with a communist regime; they feared reprisals and personal harms, so escape was a necessity.”
“The second wave consisted of refugees who arrived in the United States after 1975. Poor agricultural harvest, the economic drain of continues fighting in Laos and Cambodia, loss of jobs, and generally poor economic conditions contributed to the push. Many also feared being sent to “reeducation” centers and work camps and being forcibly removed away from their urban environment.”
“In the first wave, 49 percent were under 36 years if age; in the second wave, 58 percent. Family size was four in the first group and four to five in the second. 41 percent were catholic and 40 percent were Buddhist in the first wave’ 29 percent were Catholic and 47 percent Buddhist in the second, although the latter also included members of the intelligentsia who had been unable to leave earlier.
“Prior to the 1970, there were approximately 20,000 Vietnamese in the United States, and the number of Cambodians and Laotians were too small to be counted. BY 1980, there were 415,235 Indochinese, of which 78 percent were Vietnamese, 16 percent Cambodians, and 6 percent Laotians. In 1990, these figured had risen to 614,547 Vietnamese, 149,014 Laotian, and 147,411 Cambodians, and 90,082 Hmong.”
Panel four has Information about Buddhism in Lawrence:
“The arrival of the Southeast Asians introduced to the community the philosophy of Buddha. There are eight basic tenets that are central to practicing this philosophy.
Right View means to believe in the law of cause and effect and not to be deceived by appearances.
Right Thought means the resolution not to cherish desires, not to be greedy, not to be angry, and not to do any harmful deed.
Right Speech means the avoidance of lying words, idle words, abusive words and double tongues.
Right Behavior means not to destroy any life, not to steal, or not to commit adultery.
Right Livelihood means to avoid any life that would bring shame.
Right Effort means to try to do one’s best diligently toward the right direction.
Right Mindfulness means to maintain a pure and thoughtful mind.
Right Concentration means to keep the mind right and tranquil for it concentration, seeking to realize the mind’s pure essence.”

The Fifth panels is about the Exhibits photographer, Loel A. Poor:
“Loel A. Poor
Photographer and Printer
The photographs in this exhibit were taken and printed by Loel A. Poor, photographic artist. Ms. Poor graduated from Lasell College where she majored in advertising. She soon developed her artistry for photography and now has an extensive portfolio.
In addition to the ASIA IN LAWRENCE exhibit, she has shown her work in many places. Most current is her photographic exhibit, AIDS, THE CHALLENGE TO EDUCATE. This collection of images has received critical acclaim and has been widely exhibited throughout New England and the Mid-Atlantic States. This work was selected by the Human Rights Campaign Fund for an exhibit in Washington D.C. at President Clinton’s inauguration events."

Information Panels about the Asia in Lawrence Exhibit in 1996 Lawrence, Massachusetts. For Individual images search 1996.300
On the first panel is personnel information. It lists: “Curator Janet H. Howell, Oral History Mary Armitage and Joan Kelly, Photographer Loel A. Poor, and Designer Joseph Blackburn.” Then a Thank you section dedicated to “Southeast Asian Community, Lawrence Sister Helen, St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Asian Center, Forest Foundation, Lawrence Cultural Council, Heritage State Park, Gerry Kirk, Catherine Monahan, Chris Cheltowski, Eileen Mele, Ken Skulski, Helen Sapuppo, Marie Leone, and Bob Hamel.”

On the Second panel there is an immigration history informative, it reads,
“1. The colonial period, during which neither Great Britain nor the American Colonies had effective control of immigration and the overwhelming number of all immigrants came from the British Isles and were Protestant.
2. The Era of the American Revolution and beyond (1775-1820), when war, both here and in Europe, inhibited immigration.
3. The era of the "old" immigration (1820- ca. 1880), in which most immigrants came from the British Isles, Germany, and Scandinavia and were primarily Protestant Christians (large numbers of Irish and Germans were Roman Catholics.) The era of the "new" immigration (ca. 1880-1924), when most immigrants came from central, southern, and eastern Europe and were largely Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox, and Jewish.
5. The era of the national origin quota system (1924-65), in which rigorous regulation reduced the volume of immigration greatly, and, most immigrants were from the countries of the “old” immigration or the quota free new world.
6. The era of liberalized restrictions (1965 to the present), in which most immigrants have come from Asia and Latin America, or, what is often called the “Third World.”
The third panel is informative and is titled “The Two Waves of Southeast Asian Refugees,” it reads,
“Two waves of refugees are generally identifies. Many in the first wave were military personnel, civil servants, teachers, farmers, fisherman, employees of the Americans, and Catholics. They recognized that their middle and upper- class lifestyles would not be compatible with a communist regime; they feared reprisals and personal harms, so escape was a necessity.”
“The second wave consisted of refugees who arrived in the United States after 1975. Poor agricultural harvest, the economic drain of continues fighting in Laos and Cambodia, loss of jobs, and generally poor economic conditions contributed to the push. Many also feared being sent to “reeducation” centers and work camps and being forcibly removed away from their urban environment.”
“In the first wave, 49 percent were under 36 years if age; in the second wave, 58 percent. Family size was four in the first group and four to five in the second. 41 percent were catholic and 40 percent were Buddhist in the first wave’ 29 percent were Catholic and 47 percent Buddhist in the second, although the latter also included members of the intelligentsia who had been unable to leave earlier.
“Prior to the 1970, there were approximately 20,000 Vietnamese in the United States, and the number of Cambodians and Laotians were too small to be counted. BY 1980, there were 415,235 Indochinese, of which 78 percent were Vietnamese, 16 percent Cambodians, and 6 percent Laotians. In 1990, these figured had risen to 614,547 Vietnamese, 149,014 Laotian, and 147,411 Cambodians, and 90,082 Hmong.”
Panel four has Information about Buddhism in Lawrence:
“The arrival of the Southeast Asians introduced to the community the philosophy of Buddha. There are eight basic tenets that are central to practicing this philosophy.
Right View means to believe in the law of cause and effect and not to be deceived by appearances.
Right Thought means the resolution not to cherish desires, not to be greedy, not to be angry, and not to do any harmful deed.
Right Speech means the avoidance of lying words, idle words, abusive words and double tongues.
Right Behavior means not to destroy any life, not to steal, or not to commit adultery.
Right Livelihood means to avoid any life that would bring shame.
Right Effort means to try to do one’s best diligently toward the right direction.
Right Mindfulness means to maintain a pure and thoughtful mind.
Right Concentration means to keep the mind right and tranquil for it concentration, seeking to realize the mind’s pure essence.”

The Fifth panels is about the Exhibits photographer, Loel A. Poor:
“Loel A. Poor
Photographer and Printer
The photographs in this exhibit were taken and printed by Loel A. Poor, photographic artist. Ms. Poor graduated from Lasell College where she majored in advertising. She soon developed her artistry for photography and now has an extensive portfolio.
In addition to the ASIA IN LAWRENCE exhibit, she has shown her work in many places. Most current is her photographic exhibit, AIDS, THE CHALLENGE TO EDUCATE. This collection of images has received critical acclaim and has been widely exhibited throughout New England and the Mid-Atlantic States. This work was selected by the Human Rights Campaign Fund for an exhibit in Washington D.C. at President Clinton’s inauguration events."

Information Panels about the Asia in Lawrence Exhibit in 1996 Lawrence, Massachusetts. For Individual images search 1996.300
On the first panel is personnel information. It lists: “Curator Janet H. Howell, Oral History Mary Armitage and Joan Kelly, Photographer Loel A. Poor, and Designer Joseph Blackburn.” Then a Thank you section dedicated to “Southeast Asian Community, Lawrence Sister Helen, St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Asian Center, Forest Foundation, Lawrence Cultural Council, Heritage State Park, Gerry Kirk, Catherine Monahan, Chris Cheltowski, Eileen Mele, Ken Skulski, Helen Sapuppo, Marie Leone, and Bob Hamel.”

On the Second panel there is an immigration history informative, it reads,
“1. The colonial period, during which neither Great Britain nor the American Colonies had effective control of immigration and the overwhelming number of all immigrants came from the British Isles and were Protestant.
2. The Era of the American Revolution and beyond (1775-1820), when war, both here and in Europe, inhibited immigration.
3. The era of the "old" immigration (1820- ca. 1880), in which most immigrants came from the British Isles, Germany, and Scandinavia and were primarily Protestant Christians (large numbers of Irish and Germans were Roman Catholics.) The era of the "new" immigration (ca. 1880-1924), when most immigrants came from central, southern, and eastern Europe and were largely Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox, and Jewish.
5. The era of the national origin quota system (1924-65), in which rigorous regulation reduced the volume of immigration greatly, and, most immigrants were from the countries of the “old” immigration or the quota free new world.
6. The era of liberalized restrictions (1965 to the present), in which most immigrants have come from Asia and Latin America, or, what is often called the “Third World.”
The third panel is informative and is titled “The Two Waves of Southeast Asian Refugees,” it reads,
“Two waves of refugees are generally identifies. Many in the first wave were military personnel, civil servants, teachers, farmers, fisherman, employees of the Americans, and Catholics. They recognized that their middle and upper- class lifestyles would not be compatible with a communist regime; they feared reprisals and personal harms, so escape was a necessity.”
“The second wave consisted of refugees who arrived in the United States after 1975. Poor agricultural harvest, the economic drain of continues fighting in Laos and Cambodia, loss of jobs, and generally poor economic conditions contributed to the push. Many also feared being sent to “reeducation” centers and work camps and being forcibly removed away from their urban environment.”
“In the first wave, 49 percent were under 36 years if age; in the second wave, 58 percent. Family size was four in the first group and four to five in the second. 41 percent were catholic and 40 percent were Buddhist in the first wave’ 29 percent were Catholic and 47 percent Buddhist in the second, although the latter also included members of the intelligentsia who had been unable to leave earlier.
“Prior to the 1970, there were approximately 20,000 Vietnamese in the United States, and the number of Cambodians and Laotians were too small to be counted. BY 1980, there were 415,235 Indochinese, of which 78 percent were Vietnamese, 16 percent Cambodians, and 6 percent Laotians. In 1990, these figured had risen to 614,547 Vietnamese, 149,014 Laotian, and 147,411 Cambodians, and 90,082 Hmong.”
Panel four has Information about Buddhism in Lawrence:
“The arrival of the Southeast Asians introduced to the community the philosophy of Buddha. There are eight basic tenets that are central to practicing this philosophy.
Right View means to believe in the law of cause and effect and not to be deceived by appearances.
Right Thought means the resolution not to cherish desires, not to be greedy, not to be angry, and not to do any harmful deed.
Right Speech means the avoidance of lying words, idle words, abusive words and double tongues.
Right Behavior means not to destroy any life, not to steal, or not to commit adultery.
Right Livelihood means to avoid any life that would bring shame.
Right Effort means to try to do one’s best diligently toward the right direction.
Right Mindfulness means to maintain a pure and thoughtful mind.
Right Concentration means to keep the mind right and tranquil for it concentration, seeking to realize the mind’s pure essence.”

The Fifth panels is about the Exhibits photographer, Loel A. Poor:
“Loel A. Poor
Photographer and Printer
The photographs in this exhibit were taken and printed by Loel A. Poor, photographic artist. Ms. Poor graduated from Lasell College where she majored in advertising. She soon developed her artistry for photography and now has an extensive portfolio.
In addition to the ASIA IN LAWRENCE exhibit, she has shown her work in many places. Most current is her photographic exhibit, AIDS, THE CHALLENGE TO EDUCATE. This collection of images has received critical acclaim and has been widely exhibited throughout New England and the Mid-Atlantic States. This work was selected by the Human Rights Campaign Fund for an exhibit in Washington D.C. at President Clinton’s inauguration events."